Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

This article deals with ‘Artificial Intelligence .’ This is part of our series on ‘Science and Technology’ which is important pillar of GS-3 syllabus . For more articles , you can click here

What is Artificial Intelligence?

• Artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans
• It is concerned with
  • Learning from experience
  • Recognising images
  • SolveComplex Problems
  • Understand Human Language
  • Create perspectives

Side Topic : Machine Learning and Deep Learning

• Machine Learning, a term coined by Artur Samuel in 1959, based on the idea that systems can learn from data, identify patterns and make decisions with minimal human intervention.

• Deep Learning is a technique for implementing Machine Learning. It is inspired by the structure and function of the brain called artificial neural networks.

Examples

• Driverless Cars 
• Games playing:  AI intelligent games learn from their mistakes and are not monotonous.
• Expert systems : programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations
• Natural language : programming computers to understand natural human languages.  
• Robotics : programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli (this is what we want to achieve ultimately)

Some problems 

• The problem of creating machines smarter than humans but lacking the ethical-moral impulses like  compassion 
• Possibility of machines trying to dominate humans eg Terminator & I-Robot type of situation
• Job Loss : Much of India’s advanced IT services industry might get replaced by AI
• High levels of inequality : Society will have high levels of inequality because there will be jobs for high skilled persons only. Low skill jobs will be taken up by AI Machines
• Ensuring data security, protection, privacy, and ethical use
• Rigorous auditing to ensure non-contamination by human biases & prejudices

But new avenues too

• Will create new jobs in high end technology
• Many uses in Governance and public delivery
  • Security : Any terrorist on wanted list can be recognised by AI Computer by stream of videos coming from CCTVs
  • Analysis of Schemes and suggestions for better results 
• Personal Assistants : Companies like Google, Amazon(Alexa) etc are coming with personal assistants . They work on AI. Hence, now everybody can have personal assistant for free
• Better Logistics : Uber, Google Maps suggesting best way etc use AI for logistic management. 
• Use for specially abled people

Indian Govt and AI

• 2018: Defence ministry set up a task for on AI for national security under  N Chandrashekharan  of Tata Sons.

• 2018-Budget  gave ₹100 crore to Department of Science & Technology for a Mission on cyber physical systems.

• 2018 : NITI Ayog working on National Artificial Intelligence Mission (N-AIM).

• 2019-Interim-Budget announced a National Programme & Centre & webportal on ‘Artificial Intelligence‘. 

• Samarth Udyog Bharat 4.0 by Ministry of Heavy Industries to make manufacturing industry ready for Industry 4.0  by 2025.

• NITI Aayog  paper highlights the potential for India to become an AI ‘garage’, or solutions provider of the world.

What India can learn from other countries?

• US, the global leader in AI  has AI sector  driven by the private sector.
• China has ambition of becoming world leader in AI by 2030. The top 9 universities of China have received government funding to establish AI schools.