Sources of Constitution

Sources of Constitution

Indian constitution has adopted various features from different sources especially constitutions of other countries .

  1. Government of India Act of 1935Federal Scheme, Office of governor, Judiciary, Public Service Commissions, Emergency provisions and administrative details.
  2. British ConstitutionParliamentary government, Rule of Law, legislative procedure, single citizenship, cabinet system, prerogative writs, parliamentary privileges and bicameralism.
  3. US ConstitutionFundamental rights, independence of judiciary, judicial review, impeachment of the president, removal of Supreme Court and high court judges and post of vice-president.
  4. Irish ConstitutionDirective Principles of State Policy, nomination of members to Rajya Sabha and method of election of president.
  5. Canadian ConstitutionFederation with a strong Centre, vesting of residuary powers in the Centre, appointment of state governors by the Centre, and advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
  6. Australian ConstitutionConcurrent List, freedom of trade, commerce and inter-course, and joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament.
  7. Weimar Constitution of Germany – Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency.
  8. Soviet Constitution (USSR, now Russia)Fundamental duties and the ideal of justice (social, economic and political) in the Preamble.
  9. French Constitution – Republic and the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity in the Preamble.
  10. South African Constitution – Procedure for amendment of the Constitution and election of members of Rajya Sabha
  11. Japanese constitution – procedure established by law

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